Propylene (C3H6) is a colorless, flammable, liquefied gas with a faintly sweet odor. When compared with acetylene, it has moderate BTU capacity in its primary and high BTU capacity in its secondary flames. The heat release in the primary flame cone is slightly less than that of acetylene. The BTU capacity of the outer flame is superior to that of acetylene. Propylene combines the qualities of an acetylene flame with the secondary heating capacity of propane. This fuel gas burns hotter than propane. Cutting speed should be compared on a case-by-case basis before choosing a fuel gas for your application. When making a conversion from acetylene to propylene, it is necessary to replace the fuel gas supply hose (grade T) as well as the cutting tip. Depending on the thickness of the material being cut, it may be necessary to replace the mixer in the oxy/acetylene cutting torch due to the different oxygen/fuel gas combustion ratio required with this combination. When compared with acetylene, propylene offers greater safety as it can be utilized up to full tank pressure. It is well suited to being used at cold temperatures as it has a greater vapor pressure when compared with propane.
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Compressed gas cylinder safety is critical to anyone working around high-pressure or liquid gas. As a result, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has defined workplace safety standards when working near compressed gas tanks or cylinders every employee or employer should know.
Compressed gas is stored in a high-pressure vessels designed to transport gas at pressures above atmospheric. These cylinders are made of durable materials meeting specific requirements and are fitted with a valve to control the release of the gas.
Compressed gas cylinders and tanks are used in a wide range of industries for a variety of purposes, including welding, pharmaceutical, hospitality, agriculture, and industrial manufacturing. Proper handling and storage of compressed gas cylinders is critical to ensure safety and prevent accidents.
Compressed gas is defined as, "a mixture of gases having, in a container, an absolute pressure exceeding 40 psi at 70°F (21.1°C); or a gas or mixture of gases having, in a container, an absolute pressure exceeding 104 psi at 130°F (54.4°C)."
Many hazards are commonly associated with working in and around compressed gases including:
Because of these hazards, standards have been put in place in order to mitigate injury and provide awareness to the hazards associated with compressed gases, equipment, control, and handling.
Compressed gases can be categorized into four different types based on their properties and applications. These four types are:
These are gases that can catch fire easily and burn rapidly. Examples include acetylene, propane, and hydrogen.
These are gases that do not react with other substances and are used to control the environment during welding, cutting, and other industrial processes. Examples include argon, helium, and nitrogen.
These are gases that can cause harm or death if inhaled or ingested. Examples include carbon monoxide, chlorine, and ammonia.
Compressed gas can be dangerous for many reasons but one of the main reasons is due to its storage and high pressure. When gas is stored in specific environments under pressure the gas can escape with great force causing physical harm to those working near the gas or to the property surrounding it.
In addition, some compressed gases can be toxic and can cause severe harm or fatality for anyone exposed to high concentrations. Serious negative health effects could occur such as long-term damage to respiratory systems, nervous damage, or asphyxiation.
Some compressed gases are also reactive and can cause explosions or fires when they come in contact with other substances or chemicals. Mixing incompatible gases can also cause a violent reaction and release of energy. In order to minimize the risks associated with compressed gases, individuals should understand how to safely handle these gases and adhere to proper protocol to safeguard themselves and those around them when working with the gases.
Compressed and industrial gas cylinders or tanks are used to store flammable or inert gases. Many of these cylinders are often stored at extremely high pressures (around 2,000 psi). This represents a massive amount of potential energy. If the gas is suddenly released it is an immediate hazard to life and health.
Improper handling of cylinders could results in sprains, falls, bruises, and severe injury. Other hazards from improper handling of industrial gas cylinders include fire, explosion, burns, and overexposure if gases escape from the cylinders due to mishandling.
OSHA states that compressed gases must be handled and used only by trained employees. Employers must inform employees about chemical hazards through a hazard communication program, labels, and other forms of warnings. It's also important to always consult the gas manufacturer's safety data sheets (SDSs) for specific information.
In addition the immediate release of compressed gas in an enclosed area can cause asphyxiation due to the mixture of the gas in the air quickly lowering the oxygen level.
OSHA has established several guidelines for the handling, storage, and use of compressed gas in the workplace. Here are some of the key OSHA guidelines for compressed gas:
Labeling: All compressed gas containers must be labeled with the name of the gas, the hazard warning, and any safety precautions.
Storage: Compressed gas containers must be stored in a well-ventilated area away from heat sources, open flames, or other sources of ignition. They must be properly secured and protected from damage.
Handling: Compressed gas containers must be handled carefully, using appropriate lifting equipment or carts. They must not be dropped, rolled, or struck.
Transport: Compressed gas containers must be transported securely and in accordance with OSHA regulations, using appropriate vehicles and shipping methods.
Inspection: Compressed gas containers must be inspected regularly for signs of damage, corrosion, or leaks. Damaged or leaking containers must be removed from service immediately.
Training: Employees who handle, use, or store compressed gas must receive appropriate training on the hazards and safety precautions associated with each gas. They must also be trained on the proper handling, storage, and emergency procedures.
Emergency procedures: Employers must have written emergency procedures in place in case of a gas release or other emergency. Employees must be trained on these procedures and know how to respond in case of an emergency.
By following these OSHA guidelines, employers can ensure a safe working environment for employees who handle or work with compressed gas.
OSHA has several regulations specifically addressing the safe handling, storage, and use of compressed gas cylinders in the workplace. Some of the key OSHA regulations related to cylinders include:
These regulations provide further detail and guideline for employers to follow to ensure the safe handling and storage of compressed gas cylinders in the workplace. Employers are responsible for familiarizing themselves with these regulations and implementing appropriate measures to protect the health and safety of their employees.
Here are the OSHA compressed gas cylinder storage tips:
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All cylinders should be properly marked to identify the contents.
Make sure valve protection caps are in place.
If cylinders are leaking, take them outdoors away from sparks or heat and slowly empty them.
Put a warning tag on cylinders that were leaking and notify the supplier.
Other precautions and DON'TS:
Never mix gases in a cylinder or try to refill a compressed gas cylinder (best practice suggests contacting the supplier).
If a cylinder leaks or a valve is broken, tag the cylinder and contact a trained maintenance person or the supplier.
NEVER smoke around ANY compressed gas cylinder(s).
Don't use the top of the cylinder as a storage area for tools or material.
At CO2Meter we are fortunate to have forged great partner relationships with gas suppliers like Helget Gas Products, systems integrators like General Air Products as well as trade associations like the Compressed Gas Association (CGA), all of whom all stand by carbon dioxide safety as a key component to the services and standards that they offer.
And, when we think about key players when it comes to compressed gases, no association puts greater emphasis on the development and promotion of safety standards in the industry than the Compressed Gas Association. For more than 100 years, the CGA has continued to help promote, develop, and train individuals around the world on compressed gas safety and compliance.
The team at CO2Meter has been more than fortunate to partner with the CGA in getting the gas safety messaging out in the public realm as well as sharing valuable tools to our customers.
Below, we have highlighted a few of the main Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards and CGA references as they relate to compressed gas, safety, and equipment protocols.
Our cylinders of compressed calibration gases are provided by GASCO. They are a leading supplier of environmental and industrial safety calibration gases. You can purchase GASCO calibration gases online here. You can also purchase calibration gas from Grainger online and have it delivered to your local Grainger store.
Calibration gas cylinders ship as hazardous material. This is due to the danger of shipping compressed gas - not from a chemical hazard. Once the cylinders are relieved of pressure they are NOT considered hazardous material or waste.
For disposal of empty gas cylinders, it is acceptable to place them in a landfill. They present no danger to the environment. The cylinders contain absolutely no liquid residue and are clean internally as required for gas mixture stability. As an example for comparison, a typical household cylinder of propane or an empty spray paint aerosol would contain enough residual to be of far greater environmental concern than a calibration gas cylinder.
However, we recommend recycling cylinders. Industrial compressed gas cylinders are reused after pressure testing. GASCO has an Eco-Smart line of calibration gas cylinders they offer that are recyclable. After the cylinder is empty, GASCO will send you a shipping label and you can return it for free.
Whether your company has just received a visit from a compliance officer or you are setting up a new facility, it's important to understand how to handle compressed gas cylinders and the safety precautions to take.
While each type of industrial gas has its own hazards, it is vital to understand that you should always read the label on the cylinder and the material safety sheet (MSDS) for specific safety instructions and information.
Below we highlight a few additional gas safety training courses to provide further insights to safe use, handling and storage:
When it comes time to act fast in an emergency, such as a chemical fire or a gas cylinder leak you must be able to do the following:
Please note: In most compressed gas emergencies, all major compressed gas suppliers have an emergency response team that can be activated by calling the number directly printed on the shipping document or MSDSs.
When handling compressed gas cylinders of any size there are a few safety recommendations such as:
Read our best practices guide for gas leaks here.
When it comes to protecting yourself from compressed gases, gas detection safety devices are ideal and can provide protection for yourself, your employees, and your establishment by monitoring and assessing one of the four main gases: oxygen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, or methane.
While these devices can typically come in two forms either portable gas detectors or fixed gas detectors - both options can be used to detect hazardous gas concentrations by audible and visual alarms should dangerous concentrations occur and indicate should a confined space be dangerous to enter.
Learn more about choosing the right gas detection safety solution here.
See all our gas safety monitors that meet OSHA compliance standards here.
For more information on OSHA compliance and best practices or products to help you meet them contact us today.
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